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Про СтарШилд и контракт от Пентагона на 1,8 млрд
vsatman888 — 26.03.2024
Интересная статья со ссылкой на Рейтер о
секретном контракте СпейсХ (см. в самом низу)И эта статья позволяет совсем по другому взглянуть на проект СтарШилд.
Если посмотреть ВИКИ см ниже
На мой взгляд в ВИКИ есть каша, куда свалены несколько разных проектов, общим для которых является военное применение и СпейсХ.
Моя интерпретация ниже написанного.
Есть программа Пентагона Tracking Layer , в рамках общей концепции военного присутствия в космосе различных военных агентств США . например NRO , которая заказала у СпейсХ разведывательные спутники на 1,8 млрд . Скорее всего они базируются на удачной и обкатанной платформе Сталинк , на которой основной полезной нагрузкой будет разведывательная аппаратура. Эти ИСЗ будут на собственной орбите типа солнечно синхронная проходящая через полюса , высотой 300 км оптимальной для ДЗЗ.
А вот бренд (проект)СтарШилд это попытка СпейсХ создать "СтарЛинк для военных", взяв за основу сеть СтарЛинка и выделив в ней отдельный сегмент, передать управление им военным, чтобы откреститься от политических упреков со всех сторон. По сути СпейсХ создаст какой то модуль управления - по сути Большую Красную Кнопку , которой могут нажимать когда хотят военные, при этом по сути все ПО и инфраструктура скорее всего будет от СпейсХ и пока никаких заказов на СтарШилд от Пентагона нет. При этом по сути СтарШилд это новая попытка СпейсХ войти в программу Tracking Layer, где СпейсХ провалился на ее начальных этапах, когда первые проекты ушли другим компаниям и по сути конкурент части проекта Tracking Layer..
далее Инфа из Вики и статья из Ройтерс
Starshield - это отдельный сервис Starlink,
разработанный SpaceX для государственных структур и военных
ведомств.[1][2][3][4] Starshield должен принадлежать правительству
США и контролироваться Космическими силами США,[5] позволяя
Министерству обороны владеть спутниками Starshield или арендовать
их для партнеров и союзников.[1]Starshield был анонсирован в 2022
году, когда Starlink начал широко использоваться в
российско-украинской войне.[6] Хотя Starlink является гражданской
сетью и не была адаптирована для военного использования,[5][4]
Starshield предъявляет обычные требования к мобильным военным
системам, таким как шифрование и защита от помех.[4] Сообщается,
что Starshield будет состоять из "пары сотен" запланированных
спутников.[7]В 2021 году Starshield заключила секретный контракт на
1,8 миллиарда долларов с правительством США, обнародованный в 2023
году.[7]]
In December 2022, SpaceX announced Starshield, a separate Starlink service designed for government entities and military agencies.[1][2][3][4] Starshield enables the DoD to own or lease Starshield satellites for partners and allies.[1] Starshield was first announced in late 2022, when Starlink's presence in Ukraine became more talked about.[6] While Starlink had not been adapted for military use, Starshield has the usual requirements for mobile military systems like encryptions and anti-jam capabilities.[4]The announcement of Starshield separated the commercial constellation and the one for highly sensitive government and military customers.[1] While Starlink is designed for consumer and commercial use, Starshield is designed for US government use.[2] Elon Musk stated that Starlink needed to be a civilian network, not to participate in combat. As such, he stated that Starshield will be owned the US government and controlled by the US Space Force, which he viewed as "the right order of things".[5]Starshield is advertised as having an initial focus on three areas; Earth observation, communications and hosted payloads.[8]n September 2023, the first contract of the Starshield program was announced.[9][10] This contract with the US Space Force plans to provide customized satellite communications for the military.[11] This is under the Space Force's new "Proliferated Low Earth Orbit" program for LEO satellites, where Space Force will allocate up to $900 million worth of contracts over the next 10 years. Although 16 vendors are competing for awards, the SpaceX contract is the only one to have been issued to date.[9][11] The one-year Starshield contract was awarded on September 1, 2023.[5] The contract is expected to support 54 mission partners across the Army, Navy, Air Force, and Coast Guard.[5]SpaceX COO Gwynne Shotwell has noted that not much could be communicated about Starshield, but remarked the "very good collaboration" between the intelligence community and SpaceX.[7] The Wall Street Journal reported that Starshield's online job postings required people with top-secret clearances, as well as experience working with the Defense Department and intelligence community — such as representing Starshield to Pentagon combatant commands.[7]In 2021, Starshield had entered a $1.8 billion classified contract with the U.S. government, revealed in 2023.[7] The 2021 contract with the US government doesn't disclose the name of the government. In the documents of the contract, SpaceX says that funds from the contract were expected to become an important part of the revenue mix of the company after 2021.[7] Reuters revealed in 2024 that this contract was between the National Reconnaissance Office and SpaceX, and for a spy satellite network counting hundred of satellites functioning as a swarm.[12] The satellites will have imaging capabilities and the satellite network will enable the US government to have continuous imagery of nearly anywhere around the globe.[12] Starshield also plans to be more resilient to attack from other powers.[12]According to Terrence O'Shaughnessy, the Starshield constellation will be have a "couple hundreds" satellites, compared to Starlink's amount of over 5400.[7]In February 2024, the United States House Select Committee on Strategic Competition between the United States and the Chinese Communist Party sent a letter to Elon Musk stating that the Starshield program was potentially in breach of contract for not providing access to U.S. troops stationed in Taiwan when "global access" was "possibly" required by the contract.[13][14] SpaceX responded that they were in full compliance with their U.S. government contracts. SpaceX had notified the Select Committee a week earlier that they were misinformed, but the Select Committee "chose to contact media before seeking additional information [regarding Starshield military use in Taiwan]".[15]Starlink military satellites[edit]
In December 2022, SpaceX announced Starshield, a separate Starlink service designed for government entities and military agencies.[1][2][3][4] Starshield enables the DoD to own or lease Starshield satellites for partners and allies.[1] Starshield was first announced in late 2022, when Starlink's presence in Ukraine became more talked about.[6] While Starlink had not been adapted for military use, Starshield has the usual requirements for mobile military systems like encryptions and anti-jam capabilities.[4]The announcement of Starshield separated the commercial constellation and the one for highly sensitive government and military customers.[1] While Starlink is designed for consumer and commercial use, Starshield is designed for US government use.[2] Elon Musk stated that Starlink needed to be a civilian network, not to participate in combat. As such, he stated that Starshield will be owned the US government and controlled by the US Space Force, which he viewed as "the right order of things".[5]Starshield is advertised as having an initial focus on three areas; Earth observation, communications and hosted payloads.[8]n September 2023, the first contract of the Starshield program was announced.[9][10] This contract with the US Space Force plans to provide customized satellite communications for the military.[11] This is under the Space Force's new "Proliferated Low Earth Orbit" program for LEO satellites, where Space Force will allocate up to $900 million worth of contracts over the next 10 years. Although 16 vendors are competing for awards, the SpaceX contract is the only one to have been issued to date.[9][11] The one-year Starshield contract was awarded on September 1, 2023.[5] The contract is expected to support 54 mission partners across the Army, Navy, Air Force, and Coast Guard.[5]SpaceX COO Gwynne Shotwell has noted that not much could be communicated about Starshield, but remarked the "very good collaboration" between the intelligence community and SpaceX.[7] The Wall Street Journal reported that Starshield's online job postings required people with top-secret clearances, as well as experience working with the Defense Department and intelligence community — such as representing Starshield to Pentagon combatant commands.[7]In 2021, Starshield had entered a $1.8 billion classified contract with the U.S. government, revealed in 2023.[7] The 2021 contract with the US government doesn't disclose the name of the government. In the documents of the contract, SpaceX says that funds from the contract were expected to become an important part of the revenue mix of the company after 2021.[7] Reuters revealed in 2024 that this contract was between the National Reconnaissance Office and SpaceX, and for a spy satellite network counting hundred of satellites functioning as a swarm.[12] The satellites will have imaging capabilities and the satellite network will enable the US government to have continuous imagery of nearly anywhere around the globe.[12] Starshield also plans to be more resilient to attack from other powers.[12]According to Terrence O'Shaughnessy, the Starshield constellation will be have a "couple hundreds" satellites, compared to Starlink's amount of over 5400.[7]In February 2024, the United States House Select Committee on Strategic Competition between the United States and the Chinese Communist Party sent a letter to Elon Musk stating that the Starshield program was potentially in breach of contract for not providing access to U.S. troops stationed in Taiwan when "global access" was "possibly" required by the contract.[13][14] SpaceX responded that they were in full compliance with their U.S. government contracts. SpaceX had notified the Select Committee a week earlier that they were misinformed, but the Select Committee "chose to contact media before seeking additional information [regarding Starshield military use in Taiwan]".[15]Starlink military satellites[edit]
Before Starshield, SpaceX already designed, built,
and launched customized military satellites based on variants of
the Starlink satellite bus, with the largest publicly known
customer being the Space Development Agency (SDA). The SDA was
formed in 2018 as part of a Trump Administration effort to
resurrect the Reagan-era Strategic Defense Initiative
(SDI).[16][17] SDA accelerates development of missile defense
capabilities using industry-procured low-cost low Earth orbit
satellite platforms.[18] The program was conceived and instituted
by Under Secretary of Defense (R&E) Michael D. Griffin (who had
decades earlier joined Musk on his trip to Russia to examine ICBMs
as part of SpaceX's founding).[19] A few months after Space
Development Agency was announced, SpaceX Chief Operating Officer
Gwynne Shotwell was asked by the United States Air Force, given the
nature of the program, whether SpaceX would launch weapons into
space for the US military. She affirmed "we would if it's for the
defense of this country."[20]In October 2020, SDA awarded SpaceX an
initial $150 million dual-use contract to develop 4 satellites to
detect and track ballistic and hypersonic missiles.[21] The first
batch of satellites were originally scheduled to launch September
2022 to form part of the Tracking Layer Tranche 0 of the Space
Force's National Defense Space Architecture.[22] The launch
schedule slipped multiple times but eventually launched in April
2023.[23][24]The NDSA will be composed of seven layers with
specific functions: data transport, battle management, missile
tracking, custody/weapons targeting, satellite navigation,
deterrence, and ground support.[25][26] Historically, space-based
missile defense concepts were expensive, but reusable launch
systems have mitigated costs according to a 2019 Congressional
Budget Office analysis.[27] NDSA leverages existing commercial
satellite bus development such as Starlink to reduce costs,
including free-space optical laser terminals for a secure command
and control mesh network.[22] The 2019 Missile Defense Review notes
space-based sensing enables "improved tracking and potentially
targeting of advanced threats, including HGVs and hypersonic cruise
missiles".[28] However, the Union of Concerned Scientists warns
developments could escalate tensions with Russia and China and
called the project "fundamentally destabilizing".[29] The Carnegie
Endowment for International Peace later advocated for a treaty
halting development to prevent an arms race in space.[30]In 2020,
the Air Force utilized Starlink in support of its Advanced
Battlefield management system during a live-fire exercise. They
demonstrated Starlink connected to a "variety of air and
terrestrial assets" including the Boeing KC-135
Stratotanker.[31]Since 2021, Starlink's military satellite
development is overseen internally at SpaceX by retired four-star
general Terrence J. O'Shaughnessy.[32][33] O'Shaughnessy advocated
before the United States Senate Committee on Armed Services for a
layered capability with lethal follow-on that incorporates machine
learning and artificial intelligence to gather and act upon sensor
data quickly.[34] Terrence O’Shaughnessy reportedly has had a
high-level role at Starshield.[7]SpaceX was not awarded a contract
for the larger Tranche 1, with awards going to York Space Systems,
Lockheed Martin Space, and Northrop Grumman Space Systems.[35]As
Starlink was being relied on in the Russo-Ukrainian war, expert on
battlefield communications Thomas Wellington argued that Starlink
signals, because they use narrow focused beams, are less vulnerable
to interference and jamming by the enemy in wartime than satellites
flying in higher orbits.[36]Launches[edit]Between 2020 and March
2024, a dozen Starshield prototypes and operational satellites were
launched on Falcon 9.[12] Reuters reported that these satellites
have never been acknowledged by SpaceX or the US government and
remain classified.[12]It is suspected[by whom?] as per the
images,[37] that the two SpaceX-built Starlink derived Space
Development Agency Tranche 0 Flight 1 Tracking Layer infrared
imaging satellites launched on 2 April 2023 are based on the
Starshield satellite bus.[38][37] Similar confirmed evidences were
found during Starlink Group 7-16 launch when US cataloged only 20
of a 22 starlink batch and designated the next USA satellite launch
as 352 and skipped 350 and 351, that are Starshield
satellites.
СТАТЬЯ 2 Свежая
SpaceX Илона Маска разрабатывает спутники-шпионы в рамках
масштабного военного проекта Пентагона
Согласно отчету, проект подчеркивает степень участия SpaceX
в разведывательных и военных проектах США. Это также
свидетельствует о более глубоких инвестициях Пентагона в обширные
спутниковые системы на низкой околоземной орбите, предназначенные
для поддержки сухопутных войск. В случае успеха программа
значительно повысит способность вооруженных сил США быстро
обнаруживать потенциальные цели практически в любой точке земного
шара. Это также свидетельствует о растущем доверии
разведывательного истеблишмента к компании, владелец которой
вступил в конфликт с администрацией Байдена и вызвал споры по
поводу использования спутниковой связи Starlink в
российско-украинской войне.
Ранее в феврале The Wall Street Journal сообщила о
секретном контракте Starshield стоимостью 1,8 миллиарда долларов с
неизвестным разведывательным агентством. Никаких подробностей об
этой программе не сообщалось.
Согласно отчету Reuters, контракт SpaceX заключается в
создании новой шпионской системы с сотнями спутников, обладающих
возможностями получения изображений Земли, которые могут работать
как рой на низких орбитах, и что шпионским агентством, с которым
работает компания Маска, является NRO.
Неизвестно, когда заработает новая сеть спутников, и не
удалось установить, какие другие компании участвуют в программе со
своими собственными контрактами.
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